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The humble hero of Canberra’s untold story

 

Horticulturist Charles Weston… from his humble British upbringing to his embrace of Australia’s biggest and most progressive “garden city” project.

“The research has astonished me as week by week I have been guided by a multitude of enthusiasts to an exploration of the real, untold story of Canberra’s beginnings,” writes columnist ROBERT MACKLIN.  

THOUGH I’ve lived in the national capital for almost half a century, it was not until this year that I became a real Canberran. And what a joy the 2023 process has been.

Robert Macklin.

I first arrived from Queensland via “The Age” newspaper and after a stint in the team covering the Parliamentary sessions moved to its Canberra Bureau. From there I met the lovely Wendy Webster at a journo’s party and we’ve been together ever since, with Canberra as our base and Tuross as our little hideaway. 

In the 1990s we both wrote for the “Canberra Times” while I steadily added to the books recording my fascination with Australian history and politics. And after John B Fairfax in 2003 saw the talented Crispin Hull and myself made redundant, I was privileged to accept the “Gadfly” role with Ian Meikle’s splendid “CityNews”.

But until this past year I had lived on – but not within – the Canberra that began its life in the early days of the 20th century. I simply relished its convenience, its magnificent research sources at the NLA, the AWM, the AIATSIS treasure trove, and the generous professorial expertise at the ANU.

That changed dramatically when early this year two blokes appeared from the blue – Trevor Lipscombe and Tony Maple, of the Canberra and Region Heritage Researchers – and asked if I was interested in writing a biography of the horticulturist Charles Weston. 

By then we were living in the suburb of that surname, though I quickly learned it was unconnected to the great man celebrated in Yarralumla’s Weston Park. That was the first of literally thousands of facts, figures and fabulous stories that would come my way in the months ahead. 

The research has astonished me as week by week I have been guided by a multitude of enthusiasts to an exploration of the real, untold story of Canberra’s beginnings. 

They range from Weston’s descendants, John Gray’s meticulous doctoral thesis, Max Bourke’s broad expertise, the NCA’s Sally Barnes, the ACT Heritage Library’s Antoinette Buchanan and the dedication – and generosity – of Canberra’s various horticultural and arboreal volunteer groups. 

It is a saga as exciting and surprising as any of the stories of my 28 earlier books. Here are just a few of the highlights that transformed my perception to that of a true Canberran – some positive, some not so much:

  • The anger towards the settlers’ racist ravaging – through their occupation, ringbarking and rabbits – of the wonderful meeting place of coastal, mountainous and neighbouring Aboriginal people; 
  • The misplaced pride we attribute to Mt Ainslie, after a man who should be expunged from our favourite outlook and replaced with the daughter he abandoned.
  • The sad fate of the brilliant town planner, Walter Griffin whose fragile personality threatened to turn the execution of his grand, if imperfect, vision into a tragic farce.
  • The chaotic political imbroglio in the first two decades of Federation – with Billy Hughes at his most mercurial.
  • The calamitous role of the American parliamentary imposter King O’Malley. 
  • The amazing “rescue team” of John Sulman, Littleton Groom and John Butters. 
  • And, most of all, the global journey of Charles Weston, from his humble British upbringing, an amazing rise through that country’s massive gardening industry, and his embrace of Australia’s biggest and most progressive “garden city” project.

Until now, Weston has been the unsung hero of the Canberra we love like no other city in the Commonwealth for its amenities, its convenience and the unique mantle of arboreal protection from the worst effects of climate change. It had been a yawning gap in our published heritage.

Canberra is a great work in progress, but the magnificent foresight of Weston – and later Lindsay Pryor, who built brilliantly on his foundations – have been appreciated by a cohort of enthusiasts. In seeking my lifelong training to tell that story, they have done me the greatest favour and privilege. 

It has inspired me, through indifferent health, to embrace the project seven days of every week to compress it into 60,000 words and a photographic outlay over two continents.

The manuscript is currently with Melbourne University Press, Hardie Grant and the NLA’s publishing arm so depending on them (and other potential publishers who might wish to be part of the great adventure) it will appear in 2024. When it does, I promise, it will add a new and fascinating dimension to the city that all of us should proudly call home.

robert@robertmacklin.com

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Robert Macklin

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One Response to The humble hero of Canberra’s untold story

Peter Graves says: 18 January 2024 at 2:40 pm

It was only recently that I discovered Weston Creek is NOT named after Charles Weston. Weston Creek was named in honour of Captain George Edward Weston, a former officer of the East India Company who arrived in Australia in 1829, and was Superintendent of the Hyde Park Convict Barracks in Sydney. In 1841, Weston was granted land in the district now known as Weston Creek.[4]

I would truly question calling Walter Griffin a fragile personality. He faced the most determined and outright opposition from the federal bureaucrats of the time, who never wanted him in the job. I suggest instead that he had the strongest personality, to withstand nearly 7 years of bureaucratic hostility and interference in carrying out his Government appointed position.

Almost immediately (after that initial appointment) he faced difficulties. Senior bureaucrats in the Department of Home Affairs and the Department of Works regarded the appointment of Griffin – an outsider and an American – as a slight on their ability and responsibilities. They set out to undermine Griffin’s position, determined that his three-year contract would not be renewed. https://www.nca.gov.au/about-us/who-we-are/history-nca/1913-1920-walter-burley-griffin-federal-capital-director-design-and

As the Archives Fact Sheet 95 reports: King O’Malley, as Minister, appointed a Departmental Board to oversee construction of the National Capital, based on the winning design. Disapproving of adaptations made to his design, Burley Griffin lobbied for his engagement to personally oversee construction. He was appointed Federal Capital Director of Design and Construction in October 1913 and the Departmental Board disbanded.

Burley Griffin’s position as Director of Design and Construction was challenged by his critics. Accusations of poor administration and delays in construction led to the Royal Commission on the Federal Capital Territory. The Royal Commission, which reported in February 1917, confirmed Burley Griffin’s appointment.

Many of Griffin’s design ideas were attacked by both the architectural profession and the press. In 1917 a Royal Commission determined that they had undermined Griffin’s authority by supplying him with false data which he had used to carry out his work. Ultimately, Griffin resigned from the Canberra design project in December 1920 when he discovered that several of these bureaucrats had been appointed to an agency that would oversee Canberra’s construction. https://architectuul.com/architecture/canberra-plan

Given that these same officials had originally wanted to take segments from each of the competition entries, to make up their own design for Canberra, then I suggest they are ones who “threatened to turn the execution of his grand, if imperfect, vision into a tragic farce.”

As the NCA has noted: “In 1924 the government gazetted the Griffin Plan for Canberra so that no changes could be made without the approval of the Commonwealth Parliament. This protection has ensured that Canberra remains essentially as Griffin intended it to be — a logical expression of the site, and a city which fulfils a national capital’s primary function as the Seat of Government. ”

The Canberra plans of Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin remain to guide Australia’s national capital in the national interest.

Peter Graves
Chair, Canberra Chapter
Walter Burley Griffin Society

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